Piano B

1. U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Production, Supply and Distribution, www.fas.usda.gov/psdonline (aggiornato al 12 maggio 2009); USDA, Feedgrains Database, www.ers.usda.gov/Data/feedgrains (aggiornato al 19 maggio 2009).

2. U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), “FAO-OECD to Weigh Investments Against Hunger”, comunicato stampa, Roma, 4 maggio 2009; Fan S., Rosegrant M.W., Investing in Agriculture to Overcome the World Food Crisis and Reduce Poverty and Hunger, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington, giugno 2008. 

3. USDA, Production, Supply and Distribution, cit.; U.N. Population Division, World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision Population Database, https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/content/population-division

4. USDA, Production, Supply and Distribution, cit.

5. Worldwatch Institute, da FAO, Fertilizer Yearbook, Roma, varie annualità; Earth Policy Institute, da International Fertilizer Industry Association (IFA), IFADATA, https://www.fertilizer.org/market-intelligence/ifastat/; Heffer P., Medium-Term Outlook for World Agriculture and Fertilizer Demand 2007/08 – 2012/13, IFA, Parigi, giugno 2008; IFA, Fertilizer Consumption 2007/08 – 2012/13 Country Reports, Parigi, giugno 2008. 

6. Brown L.R., “Eradicating Hunger: A Growing Challenge”, in Brown L.R., et al., State of the World 2001, W.W. Norton & Company, New York 2001; FAO, ResourceSTAT, faostat.fao.org (aggiornato ad aprile 2009). 

7. Brown L.R., Increasing World Food Output: Problems and Prospects, Foreign Agricultural Economic Report n. 25, USDA, Economic Research Service (ERS), Washington 1965; Evans L.T., Crop Evolution, Adaptation and Yield, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1993. 

8. USDA, Production, Supply and Distribution, cit.; Caswell M.F., et al., Agricultural Biotechnology: An Economic Perspective, USDA, ERS, Washington 1998; Cassman K.G., Liska A.J., “Food and Fuel for All: Realistic or Foolish?”, Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, 2007, 1, 1, 18-23. 

9. World Food Prize Foundation, “A World-Brand Name: Yuan Longping, The Father of Hybrid Rice”, https://www.worldfoodprize.org/index.cfm/87428/40007/a_worldbrand_name_yuan_longping_the_father_of_hybrid_rice

10. USDA, Production, Supply and Distribution, cit.; FAO, FAOSTAT, faostat.fao.org (aggiornato a giugno 2009). 

11. USDA, Production, Supply and Distribution, cit.

12. IFA, IFADATA, cit.; IFA, Fertilizer Consumption – Country Reports, cit.; USDA, Production, Supply and Distribution, cit.; USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Crop Production 2008 Summary, Washington, gennaio 2009. 

13. USDA, Production, Supply and Distribution, cit.

14. Brown L.R., Eco-Economy, W.W. Norton & Company, New York 2001; Sinclair T.R., “Limits to Crop Yield?” in American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, Physiology and Determination of Crop Yield, Madison 1994; USDA, Production, Supply and Distribution, cit.

15. U.N. Population Division, World Population Prospects, cit.; World Bank, “Malawi, Fertilizer Subsidies and the World Bank”, web.worldbank.org (visionato il 14 luglio 2008); Dugger C.W., “Ending Famine, Simply by Ignoring the Experts”, New York Times, 2 dicembre 2007; USDA, Production, Supply and Distribution, cit.

16. Block B., “African Leaders Pursue ‘Malawi Miracle’”, Eye on Earth, https://antimuluzi.blogspot.com/2009/05/african-leaders-pursue-malawi-miracle.html

17. USDA, Crop Production 2008 Summary, cit. 

18. USDA, Production, Supply and Distribution, cit.; USDA, in Worldwatch Institute, Signposts 2001, CD-ROM, Washington 2001. 

19. Sanchez J., Jiang J.Y., China Grain and Feed Annual 2009, USDA, Beijing, marzo 2009; USDA, Production, Supply and Distribution, cit. 

20. Govindian A., India Grain and Feed Annual 2009, USDA, New Delhi, febbraio 2009; USDA, Production, Supply and Distribution, cit.; U.N. Population Division, World Population Prospects, cit.

21. Magleby R., “Soil Management and Conservation”, in USDA, Agricultural Resources and Environmental Indicators 2003, Washington, febbraio 2003. 

22. USDA, Production, Supply and Distribution, cit.; Schnepf R.D., et al., Agriculture in Brazil and Argentina, USDA, ERS, Washington 2001. 

23. Sanchez P., “The Climate Change-Soil Fertility-Food Security Nexus”, IFPRI, Bonn, 4 settembre 2001. 

24. Cody E., “Chinese Lawmakers Approve Measure to Protect Private Property Rights”, Washington Post, 17 marzo 2007; Yardley J., “China Nears Passage of Landmark Property Law”, New York Times, 9 marzo 2007; Keliang Z., Prosterman R., “From Land Rights to Economic Boom”, China Business Review, luglio-agosto 2006. 

25. USDA, Production, Supply and Distribution, cit.; USDA, in Worldwatch Institute, Signposts 2001, cit.; FAO, Yield Response to Water, Roma 1979. 

26. Shiklomanov I.A., “Assessment of Water Resources and Water Availability in the World”, Report for the Comprehensive Assessment of the Freshwater Resources of the World, State Hydrological Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia 1998, in Gleick P.H., The World’s Water 2000-2001, Island Press, Washington 2000; Postel S., Vickers A., “Boosting Water Productivity”, in Worldwatch Institute, State of the World 2004, W. W. Norton & Company, New York 2004. 

27. Wang S., conversazione con l’autore, Beijing, maggio 2004. 

28. FAO, Crops and Drops, Roma 2002; Vidal A., Comeau A., Plusquellec H., Case Studies on Water Conservation in the Mediterranean Region, FAO, Roma 2001. 

29. Postel S., Vickers A., “Boosting Water Productivity”, cit. 

30. Postel S., et al., “Drip Irrigation for Small Farmers: A New Initiative to Alleviate Hunger and Poverty”, Water International, marzo 2001, 3-13. 

31. Ibidem

32. “Punjab’s Depleting Groundwater Stagnates Agricultural Growth”, Down to Earth, 30 luglio 2007, 16, 5. 

33. Saleth R.M., Dinar A., Water Challenge and Institutional Response: A Cross-Country Perspective, World Bank, Washington 1999; Comisión Nacional del Agua (CONAGUA), National Water Program 2007-2012, Coyoacán, Messico, febbraio 2008. 

34. World Bank e Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation, Summary Report, Middle East and North Africa Regional Water Initiative Workshop on Sustainable Groundwater Management, Sana’a, Yemen, 25-28 giugno 2000; Xie M., World Bank Institute, e-mail a Roney J.M., Earth Policy Institute, 10 luglio 2009. 

35. USDA, Production, Supply and Distribution, cit.; Guven C., Ibrahim S., Egypt Grain and Feed Annual 2009, USDA, Cairo, marzo 2009; “Rice Cropped for Water”, China Daily, 9 gennaio 2002; National Bureau of Statistics of China, Statistical Data, https://www.stats.gov.cn/english/

36. U.N. Population Division, World Population Prospects, cit.; USDA, Production, Supply and Distribution, cit.; FAO, Yield Response to Water, cit.

37. USDA, Production, Supply and Distribution, cit.

38. FAO, 1948-1985 World Crop and Livestock Statistics, Roma 1987; FAO, FAOSTAT, cit.; U.N. Population Division, World Population Prospects, cit.

39. Bishop R.V., et al., The World Poultry Market – Government Intervention and Multilateral Policy Reform, USDA, Washington 1990; Baker A., Feed Situation and Outlook, e staff, ERS, USDA, conversazione con l’autore, 27 aprile 1992; Southard L., Livestock and Poultry Situation e Outlook staff, ERS, USDA, conversazione con l’autore, 27 aprile 1992; Naylor R., et al., “Effect of Aquaculture on World Fish Supplies”, Nature, 29 giugno 2000, 405, 1017-1024. 

40. FAO, FAOSTAT, cit.

41. FAO, FishSTAT Plus, www.fao.org (aggiornato a febbraio 2009); Naylor R., et al., “Effect of Aquaculture on World Fish Supplies”, cit. 

42. FAO, FishSTAT Plus, cit.; Tuominen T.-R., Esmark M., Food for Thought: The Use of Marine Resources in Fish Feed, WWF-Norway, Oslo 2003; Naylor R., Burke M., “Aquaculture and Ocean Resources: Raising Tigers of the Sea”, Annual Review of Environmental Resources, novembre 2005, 30, 185-218. 

43. FAO, FishSTAT Plus, cit.

44. Li S.F., “Aquaculture Research and Its Relation to Development in China”, in World Fish Center, Agricultural Development and the Opportunities for Aquatic Resources Research in China, Penang, Malaysia, 2001; FAO, FishSTAT Plus, cit.

45. FAO, FAOSTAT, cit.; FAO, FishSTAT Plus, cit.

46. Naylor R., et al., “Effect of Aquaculture on World Fish Supplies”, cit.; Nandeesha W.C., et al., “Breeding of Carp with Oviprim”, in Indian Branch, Asian Fisheries Society, India, Special Publication n. 4, Mangalore, India 1990. 

47. “Mekong Delta to Become Biggest Aquatic Producer in Vietnam”, Vietnam News Agency, 3 agosto 2004; “The Mekong Delta Goes Ahead with the WTO”, Vietnam Economic News online, 8 giugno 2007; FAO, FishSTAT Plus, cit.

48. Naylor et al., “Effect of Aquaculture on World Fish Supplies”, cit.; FAO, FishSTAT Plus, cit.; USDA, NASS, Catfish Production, Washington, 30 gennaio 2009; U.N. Population Division, World Population Prospects, cit. 

49. USDA, Foreign Agricultural Service, Oilseeds: World Markets and Trade, Washington, maggio 2009. 

50. USDA, Production, Supply and Distribution, cit.

51. USDA, in Worldwatch Institute, Signposts 2001, cit.; USDA, Production, Supply and Distribution, cit.

52. FAO, FAOSTAT, cit.

53. Dhall S.C., Dhall M., “Dairy Industry – India’s Strength in Its Livestock”, Business Line, Internet Edition of Financial Daily, The Hindu Group, 7 novembre 1997; Sud S., “India Is Now World’s Largest Milk Producer”, India Perspectives, maggio 1999; Banerjee A., “Dairying Systems in India”, World Animal Review, 1994, 79, 2. 

54. FAO, FAOSTAT, cit.; U.N. Population Division, World Population Prospects, cit.

55. Dhall S.C., Dhall M., “Dairy Industry”, cit.; Banerjee A., “Dairying Systems in India”, cit.; FAO, FAOSTAT, cit. 

56. Wade J., Branson A., Qing X., China Grain and Feed Annual Report 2002, USDA, Beijing 2002; Tengyun G., “Treatment and Utilization of Crop Straw and Stover in China”, Livestock Research for Rural Development, febbraio 2000. 

57. USDA, ERS, “China’s Beef Economy: Production, Marketing, Consumption, and Foreign Trade”, International Agriculture and Trade Reports: China, Washington, luglio 1998. 

58. FAO, FAOSTAT, cit.; FAO, FishSTAT Plus, cit.; U.N. Population Division, World Population Prospects, cit.

59. Ibidem; International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Economic Outlook Database, https://www.imf.org/en/publications/weo (aggiornato ad aprile 2009); FAO, FAOSTAT, faostat.fao.org (aggiornato al 30 giugno 2007). 

60. McLaughlin L., “Inner-City Farms”, Time, 4 agosto 2008; Rousseau C., “More Schools Cultivate Learning in Student Gardens”, Associated Press, 17 novembre 2008; USDA, Agricultural Marketing Service, “Farmers Market Growth: 1994-2008”, www.ams.usda.gov (aggiornato al 22 settembre 2008). 

61. Dimitri C., Effland A., Conklin N., The 20th Century Transformation of U.S. Agriculture and Farm Policy, USDA, ERS, Washington, giugno 2005; USDA, NASS, 2007 Census of Agriculture, Washington, febbraio 2009; Martin A., “Farm Living (Subsidized by a Job Elsewhere)”, New York Times, 8 febbraio 2009. 

62. Ibidem; USDA, The 20th Century Transformation, cit.

63. Burros M., “Obamas to Plant Vegetable Garden at White House”, New York Times, 20 marzo 2009; Pollan M., “Farmer in Chief”, New York Times Magazine, 12 ottobre 2008. 

64. Milesi C., et al., “Mapping and Modeling the Biogeochemical Cycling of Turf Grasses in the United States”, Environmental Management, 19 luglio 2005, 36, 3, 426-438. 

65. McLaughlin L., “Inner-City Farms”, cit.; “Digging Their Way Out of Recession”, The Economist, 26 febbraio 2009; Higgins A., “Community Gardens Need Room to Grow”, Washington Post, 14 febbraio 2008. 

66. USDA, “Farmers Market Growth”, cit.; Shaffer J., USDA, Agricultural Marketing Service, conversazione con Roney J.M., Earth Policy Institute, 13 maggio 2009; Bauman V., “More Farmers Markets to Accept Food Stamps”, Associated Press, 26 agosto 2008. 

67. Rousseau C., “More Schools Cultivate Learning”, cit.; MacVean M., “Maria Shriver Says Edible Garden Will Be Planted in Capitol Park Flower Bed”, Los Angeles Times, 27 marzo 2009. 

68. Burros M., “Supermarket Chains Narrow Their Sights”, New York Times, 6 agosto 2008; “Digging Their Way Out of Recession”, cit.

69. Pirog R., Benjamin A., Checking the Food Odometer: Comparing Food Miles for Local Versus Conventional Produce Sales to Iowa Institutions, Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture, Iowa State University, Ames, luglio 2003; Pollan M., In Defense of Food, The Penguin Group, New York 2008; Xuereb M., Food Miles: Environmental Implications of Food Imports to Waterloo Region, Region of Waterloo Public Health, Waterloo, Canada, novembre 2005; Engelhaupt E., “Do Food Miles Matter?”, Environmental Science and Technology Online, https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es087190e (16 aprile 2008). 

70. “The Environment: Not on the Label”, The Economist, 19 maggio 2007; Waples J., “Tesco Turns Itself into a Green Giant”, Sunday Times, 31 maggio 2009; Tesco PLC, “Tesco Wins Green ‘Gold Standard’ Award”, comunicato stampa, Hertfordshire, 5 giugno 2009; Costello M., “Tesco Reports Record £3 Billion Profit”, The Times, 21 aprile 2009. 

71. Etter L., “Lofty Prices for Fertilizer Put Farmers in a Squeeze”, Wall Street Journal, 27 maggio 2008; Vaccari D.A., “Phosphorus: A Looming Crisis”, Scientific American, giugno 2009. 

72. Program for Appropriate Technology in Health e U.N. Population Fund, Meeting the Need: Strengthening Family Planning Programs, Seattle 2006. 

73. USDA, Production, Supply and Distribution, cit.; U.N. Population Division, World Population Prospects, cit.

74. USDA, Production, Supply and Distribution, cit.; U.N. Population Division, World Population Prospects, cit.; FAO, FAOSTAT, cit.

75. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, “Total Health Expenditure per Capita, US$ PPP”, in OECD Health Data 2008 – Frequently Requested Data, www.oecd.org (dicembre 2008); FAO, FAOSTAT, cit.

76. Eshel G., Martin P.A., “Diet, Energy, and Global Warming”, Earth Interactions, aprile 2006, 10, 9, 1-17. 

77. Bishop R.V., et al., The World Poultry Market, cit.; Baker A., Feed Situation and Outlook, cit.; Naylor R., et al., “Effect of Aquaculture on World Fish Supplies”, cit.

78. Wood S., Sebastian K., Scherr S.J., Pilot Analysis of Global Ecosystems: Agroecosystems, IFPRI e World Resources Institute, Washington 2000. 

79. USDA, NASS, Agricultural Statistics 2008, Washington 2008. 

80. USDA, Production, Supply and Distribution, cit.; USDA, Feedgrains Database, cit.; U.N. Population Division, World Population Prospects, cit.

81. von Braun J., IFPRI, in Joe DeCapua, “Food Crisis Triggers Land Grab in Developing Countries”, Voice of America News, 29 aprile 2009.